Did you know that in 2023, approximately 44,000 Americans were diagnosed with thyroid cancer? While not as prevalent as other types of cancer, such as breast or prostate cancer, thyroid cancer should not be underestimated.
Let’s delve into the significance of the thyroid, the risk factors associated with thyroid cancer, and the crucial signs and symptoms you should be vigilant about.
Understanding the Thyroid’s Role
The thyroid, a small gland shaped like a butterfly located in the front of the neck, produces hormones that aid in regulating metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature.
Despite its size, the thyroid plays a pivotal role in the body’s overall functionality.
Identifying Risk Factors
Various risk factors contribute to the development of thyroid cancer. Consult your healthcare provider if you exhibit at least four of the following risk factors:
- Gender. Women are three times more susceptible to thyroid cancer compared to men.
- Age. While it can affect individuals of all ages, thyroid cancer is typically identified in individuals aged between 45 and 64.
- Race. White and Asian populations have a higher risk of developing thyroid cancer.
- Family history. Individuals with family members who have thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer, may be more prone to developing it.
- History of other cancers. Individuals previously diagnosed with cancer, especially breast or ovarian cancer, have an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
- Radiation exposure. Moderate radiation exposure to the head and neck, particularly during childhood, raises the risk of thyroid cancer.
- High or low iodine levels. Iodine levels significantly impact thyroid health, with inadequate or excessive iodine intake posing a risk for thyroid cancer.
- Being overweight. People with higher body mass indexes are at a greater risk of developing various cancers, including thyroid cancer.
While factors like age, race, and family history cannot be altered, you can lower your cancer risk by staying active, eating a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Recognizing Warning Signs
Thyroid cancer progresses slowly, making it crucial to be alert for symptoms. Common symptoms include:
- A noticeable lump in the neck
- Swollen lymph nodes around the neck
- Neck and throat discomfort
- Vocal changes, like hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
- A persistent cough
If you experience any of these symptoms for over two weeks, seek medical advice promptly. Your doctor can assess your symptoms and recommend the next steps.
Diagnosing and Treating Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer screening protocols are not age-specific like those for other cancers. However, a basic thyroid examination can be included in your annual check-up. If any anomalies are detected, your doctor may conduct further tests, such as bloodwork, ultrasound, or a CT scan.
If necessary, a biopsy may be recommended to confirm a diagnosis. Early detection plays a key role in successful treatment, so consulting a healthcare professional in-person if you have concerns is crucial.
Treatment of thyroid cancer is generally effective if caught early. Surgical removal of the tumor or part of the thyroid, along with radioactive iodine therapy, are common treatment approaches. Hormone therapy may also be prescribed to support thyroid function post-treatment.
Promoting Equitable Care
While white individuals are more frequently diagnosed with thyroid cancer, people of color often receive a diagnosis at a later stage, leading to poorer outcomes. Efforts by organizations like the American Thyroid Association aim to address disparities by enhancing physician education, improving patient access to care, and conducting inclusive research.
Early detection significantly boosts survival rates for thyroid cancer. Discuss your risk factors with your doctor and prioritize a thyroid examination during your annual physical.
